1. Utsi Woyera: Makhalidwe ndi Magwero
Makhalidwe:
Mtundu:Kuoneka koyera kapena kotuwa.
Kukula kwa Tinthu:Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokulirapo (> 1 micron), nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi nthunzi ya madzi ndi zotsalira zoyaka zopepuka.
Kutentha:Utsi woyera nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyaka kotentha pang'ono kapena njira zosakwanira zoyatsira moto.
Kapangidwe kake:
Nthunzi ya madzi (chinthu chachikulu).
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochokera ku kuyaka kosakwanira (monga ulusi wosayaka, phulusa).
Magwero:
Utsi woyera umapangidwa makamaka ndimoto woyaka, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya kapena zochitika zoyaka pang'onopang'ono, monga:
Kutuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe monga matabwa, thonje, kapena pepala.
Magawo oyambirira a moto pamene kutentha koyaka kuli kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa nthunzi yambiri ya madzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepa.
Kuwotcha zinthu zonyowa kapena zouma pang'ono (monga matabwa onyowa).
Zoopsa:
Utsi woyera nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi moto wofuka, womwe sungakhale ndi malawi owoneka koma umatulutsa kuchuluka kwampweya wa carbon monoxide (CO2)ndi mpweya wina wapoizoni.
Moto woyaka nthawi zambiri umabisidwa ndipo sungathe kunyalanyazidwa koma mwadzidzidzi ukhoza kukula kukhala moto wofalikira mofulumira.
2. Utsi Wakuda: Makhalidwe ndi Magwero
Makhalidwe:
Mtundu:Kuwoneka wakuda kapena imvi yakuda.
Kukula kwa Tinthu:Tinthu tating'onoting'ono (<1 micron), tolimba, komanso tomwe timayamwa kuwala kwambiri.
Kutentha:Utsi wakuda nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyaka kwa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuyaka mwachangu.
Kapangidwe kake:
Tinthu ta kaboni (zinthu za kaboni zomwe sizinatenthedwe konse).
Tar ndi zinthu zina zovuta zachilengedwe.
Magwero:
Utsi wakuda umapangidwa makamaka ndimoto woyaka, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuyaka kwambiri, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri mu:
Moto wopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa:Kuwotcha mapulasitiki, labala, mafuta, ndi mankhwala.
Moto wamafuta: Kuyaka kwa petulo, dizilo, ndi zinthu zina zofanana kumapanga tinthu tambirimbiri ta kaboni.
Magawo otsatira a moto, pomwe kuyaka kumakulirakulira, kutulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso utsi wotentha kwambiri.
Zoopsa:
Utsi wakuda nthawi zambiri umatanthauza kufalikira kwa moto mwachangu, kutentha kwambiri, komanso zinthu zomwe zingaphulike.
Muli mpweya wambiri wapoizoni mongampweya wa carbon monoxide (CO2)ndihydrogen cyanide (HCN), zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu pa thanzi.
3. Kuyerekeza Utsi Woyera ndi Utsi Wakuda
| Khalidwe | Utsi Woyera | Utsi Wakuda |
|---|---|---|
| Mtundu | Yoyera kapena imvi yopepuka | Imvi yakuda kapena yakuda |
| Kukula kwa Tinthu | Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokulirapo (> 1 micron) | Tinthu tating'onoting'ono (<1 micron) |
| Chitsime | Moto woyaka, kuyaka kotsika kutentha | Moto woyaka moto, kuyaka mwachangu kwambiri kutentha kwambiri |
| Zipangizo Zofala | Matabwa, thonje, mapepala, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe | Mapulasitiki, rabala, mafuta, ndi zinthu zina zamankhwala |
| Kapangidwe kake | Nthunzi ya madzi ndi tinthu topepuka | Tinthu ta kaboni, phula, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe |
| Zoopsa | Zingakhale zoopsa, zimatha kutulutsa mpweya woipa | Moto wotentha kwambiri, womwe umafalikira mofulumira, uli ndi mpweya woopsa |
4. Kodi Ma alamu a Utsi Amazindikira Bwanji Utsi Woyera ndi Wakuda?
Kuti azindikire bwino utsi woyera ndi wakuda, ma alamu amakono a utsi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
1. Zipangizo Zowunikira Zinthu Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ya Ma Photoelectric:
Kugwira ntchito motsatira mfundo yakufalikira kwa kuwalakuti azindikire tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta utsi woyera.
Ndi yoyenera kwambiri kuzindikira moto woyaka msanga.
2. Zipangizo Zowunikira Ma Ionization:
Amamva bwino kwambiri tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mu utsi wakuda.
Dziwani mwachangu moto woyaka moto wotentha kwambiri.
3. Ukadaulo wa Zosewerera Ziwiri:
Zimaphatikiza ukadaulo wa photoelectric ndi ionization kuti zizindikire utsi woyera ndi wakuda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikirike bwino.
4. Zipangizo Zowunikira Ntchito Zambiri:
Zimaphatikizapo masensa otenthetsera, zowunikira za carbon monoxide (CO), kapena ukadaulo wa multi-spectrum kuti ziwonetse bwino mitundu ya moto komanso kuchepetsa ma alarm abodza.
5. Mapeto
Utsi woyeramakamaka zimachokera ku moto wofuka utsi, womwe umadziwika ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri, kuyaka kotsika kutentha, komanso kutulutsa nthunzi yamadzi ndi mpweya woopsa.
Utsi wakudanthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi moto woyaka moto wotentha kwambiri, wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tolimba komanso kufalikira kwa moto mwachangu.
Zamakonozozindikira utsi zokhala ndi masensa awiriZili bwino kuzindikira utsi woyera ndi wakuda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chenjezo la moto likhale lolondola komanso lodalirika.
Kumvetsetsa makhalidwe a utsi sikuti kumathandiza kokha kusankha ma alamu oyenera a utsi komanso kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri popewa moto komanso kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse zoopsa moyenera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala 18-2024