Malinga ndi bungwe la National Fire Protection Association, pamakhala moto woposa 354,000 m'nyumba chaka chilichonse, womwe umapha anthu pafupifupi 2,600 ndikuvulaza anthu oposa 11,000. Imfa zambiri zokhudzana ndi moto zimachitika usiku anthu akagona.
Udindo wofunikira wa ma alamu a utsi oikidwa bwino komanso abwino ndi wodziwikiratu. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yama alamu a utsi –ionization ndi photoelectric. Kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi kungakuthandizeni kupanga chisankho chabwino kwambiri chokhudza ma alamu a utsi kuti muteteze nyumba yanu kapena bizinesi yanu.
Kuyika kwa ayonichochenjeza cha utsis ndipo ma alamu a photoelectric amadalira njira zosiyana kwambiri kuti azindikire moto:
Kuyika kwa ayonismonkeama larm
Kuyika kwa ayonima alamu a utsi ndi kapangidwe kovuta kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mbale ziwiri zamagetsi ndi chipinda chopangidwa ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radiation zomwe zimapangitsa mpweya kuyenda pakati pa mbalezo kukhala ioni.
Ma circuits amagetsi omwe ali mkati mwa bolodi amayesa mwachangu mphamvu ya ionization yopangidwa ndi kapangidwe kameneka.
Pakayaka moto, tinthu toyaka timalowa mu chipinda cha ionization ndipo timagundana mobwerezabwereza ndikuphatikizana ndi mamolekyu a mpweya wa ionized, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a mpweya wa ionized chichepe mosalekeza.
Ma electronic circuits omwe ali mkati mwa bolodi amamva kusinthaku mchipindamo ndipo, pamene malire okonzedweratu apitirira, alamu imayatsidwa.
Ma alamu a utsi a photoelectric
Ma alamu a utsi a photoelectric Zapangidwa kutengera momwe utsi wochokera pamoto umasinthira mphamvu ya kuwala mumlengalenga:
Kuwala kowala: Kwambiri kuwala kwa magetsizodziwira utsi ntchito motsatira mfundo yogawa kuwala. Ali ndi kuwala kwa LED ndi chinthu chowunikira kuwala. Kuwalako kumalunjika kudera lomwe chinthu chowunikira kuwala sichingazindikire. Komabe, tinthu ta utsi kuchokera ku moto tikalowa munjira ya kuwalako, kuwalako kumagunda tinthu ta utsi ndipo kumatembenukira ku chinthu chowunikira kuwala, zomwe zimayambitsa alamu.
Kutsekereza kuwala: Mitundu ina ya ma alamu a photoelectric imapangidwa mozungulira kutsekereza kuwala. Ma alamu amenewa amakhalanso ndi gwero la kuwala ndi chinthu chozindikira kuwala. Komabe, pankhaniyi, kuwala kumatumizidwa mwachindunji ku chinthucho. Tinthu ta utsi tikatsekereza kuwala pang'ono, kutulutsa kwa chipangizo chozindikira kuwala kumasintha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwala. Kuchepa kwa kuwala kumeneku kumazindikirika ndi ma alamu ndipo kumayambitsa alamu.
Ma alamu ophatikizana: Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma alamu ophatikizana. Ma alamu ambiri ophatikizanama alamu a utsi kuphatikiza ionization ndi ukadaulo wa photoelectric pofuna kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo.
Kuphatikiza kwina kumawonjezera masensa owonjezera, monga infrared, carbon monoxide, ndi masensa otentha, kuti athandize kuzindikira moto weniweni molondola ndikuchepetsa ma alarm abodza chifukwa cha zinthu monga utsi wa toaster, nthunzi ya shawa, ndi zina zotero.
Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Ionization ndiMa alamu a Utsi a Photoelectric
Kafukufuku wambiri wachitika ndi Underwriters Laboratories (UL), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), ndi ena kuti adziwe kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu iyi yazodziwira utsi.
Zotsatira za maphunziro ndi mayesowa nthawi zambiri zimavumbula zotsatirazi:
Ma alamu a utsi a photoelectric Zimayankha moto woyaka mofulumira kwambiri kuposa ma alarm a ionization (mphindi 15 mpaka 50 mwachangu). Moto woyaka umayenda pang'onopang'ono koma umatulutsa utsi wambiri ndipo ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri pamoto wa m'nyumba.
Ma alamu a utsi omwe amayatsa moto nthawi zambiri amayankha mofulumira pang'ono (masekondi 30-90) ku moto woyaka mwachangu (moto womwe moto umafalikira mwachangu) kuposa ma alamu a photoelectric. NFPA imazindikira kuti opangidwa bwinoma alamu amagetsi Nthawi zambiri ma alarm a ionization amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa ma alarm onse a ionization pamoto, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu ndi zinthu.
Ma alamu oletsa ma ion adalephera kupereka nthawi yokwanira yotuluka nthawi zambiri kuposama alamu amagetsi pa nthawi ya moto woyaka.
Ma alarm a Ionization adayambitsa 97% ya "ma alarm ovutitsa"—machenjezo abodza—ndipo, chifukwa chake, zinali ndi mwayi waukulu wozimitsa zonse kuposa mitundu ina ya ma alamu a utsi. NFPA ikuzindikira zimenezoma alamu a utsi a photoelectric ali ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa ma alarm a ionization mu alarm yabodza.
Chomwe chochenjeza cha utsi Kodi ndi bwino kwambiri?
Imfa zambiri chifukwa cha moto sizimachokera ku malawi a moto koma chifukwa cha kupumira utsi, ndichifukwa chake imfa zambiri zokhudzana ndi moto.—pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu—zimachitika anthu ali mtulo.
Chifukwa chake, n'zoonekeratu kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi chochenjeza cha utsi zomwe zimatha kuzindikira mwachangu komanso molondola moto womwe ukufuka utsi, womwe umatulutsa utsi wambiri. Mu gulu ili,ma alamu a utsi a photoelectric zimagwira bwino ntchito kuposa ma alamu a ionization.
Komanso, kusiyana pakati pa ionization ndima alamu amagetsi pa moto woyaka mwachangu sizinali zazikulu, ndipo NFPA inatsimikiza kuti moto wapamwamba kwambirima alamu amagetsi akadali ndi mwayi wochita bwino kuposa ma alamu a ionization.
Pomaliza, popeza ma alarm ovutitsa anthu angayambitse kulepherazodziwira utsi, kuwapangitsa kukhala opanda ntchito,ma alamu amagetsi Komanso zimasonyeza ubwino m'derali, chifukwa sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi machenjezo abodza ndipo motero sizimayimitsidwa.
Mwachionekere,ma alamu a utsi a photoelectric ndi chisankho cholondola kwambiri, chodalirika, komanso chotetezeka kwambiri, mfundo yotsimikiziridwa ndi NFPA komanso chizolowezi chomwe chingaonekerenso pakati pa opanga ndi mabungwe oteteza moto.
Pa ma alamu ophatikizana, palibe ubwino womveka bwino kapena wofunikira womwe unapezeka. NFPA inatsimikiza kuti zotsatira za mayeso sizinali zoyenera kuyika ukadaulo wapawiri kapenama alamu a utsi ojambulidwa ndi zithunzi, ngakhale kuti palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chili chovulaza kwenikweni.
Komabe, bungwe la National Fire Protection Association linatsimikiza kutima alamu amagetsi Ndi masensa ena owonjezera, monga CO kapena masensa otenthetsera, zimathandiza kuzindikira moto ndikuchepetsa ma alarm abodza kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-02-2024